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Long QT Syndrome - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Methods

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a disorder ofcorresponds to ventricular
the heart's electrical system. Peoplerepolarization. The QT interval is
with this syndrome are susceptible to anmeasured from the Q point to the end of
abnormally rapid heart rhythm calledthe T wave. People who have LQTS are at
"Torsade des pointes." Long QT syndromerisk for syncope and sudden death, often
is characterized by a prolongation ofat a young age.
the QT interval on ECG and a propensityCauses of Long QT syndrome
to ventricular tachyarrhythmias, whichThe common causes and risk factor's of
may lead to syncope, cardiac arrest, orLong QT syndrome include the following:
sudden death. LQTS is usually inheritedLQTS can be caused by certain medicines,
as an autosomal dominant trait. In theor it can be the result of a stroke or
case of LQT1, which has been mapped tosome other neurologic disorder.
chromosome 11, mutations lead to seriousHeart medications.
structural defects in the person'sLipid-lowering medications.
cardiac potassium channels that do notPsychotropic medications.
allow proper transmission of theBlood relatives of family members with
electrical impulses throughout theLQTS.
heart. It is associated with syncopeYou also have an increased risk for LQTS
(loss of consciousness) and with suddenif other members of your family have the
death due to ventricular arrhythmias. Indisorder.
the long Q-T syndrome, theSymptoms of Long QT syndrome
above-described Q-T interval isSome sign and symptoms related to Long
prolonged. Arrhythmias in individualsQT syndrome are as follows:
with LQTS are often associated withAbnormal heart rhythms.
exercise or excitement. The cause ofSeizures.
sudden cardiac death in individuals withSudden shortness of breath.
LQTS is ventricular fibrillation.Fainting: In people with long QT
Congenital LQTS is a rare disorder thatsyndrome, fainting spells (syncope) are
is usually inherited (passed downcaused by the heart temporarily beating
through family members).in an erratic way.
It usually affects children or youngSudden death.
adults. In other cases, LQTS can beSudden chest pain.
caused by certain medicines, or it canIn one type of inherited long Q-T
be the result of a stroke or some othersyndrome, the person is also deaf.
neurologic disorder. LQTS can lead to anTreatment of Long QT syndrome
abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia);The common causes and risk factor's of
fainting or loss of consciousnessLong QT syndrome include the following:
(syncope); or even sudden death. Long QTThere are treatments for long Q-T
syndrome may explain some rare instancessyndrome, including medications such as
of sudden death in young people where nobeta blockers.
obvious cardiac heart abnormality isSome people may benefit from an
found. People with this syndrome mayimplantable defibrillator.
show prolongation of the Q-T intervalPropranolol and nadolol are the
during physical exercise, intensebeta-blockers most frequently used,
emotion (such as fright, anger or pain),though atenolol and metoprolol are also
or by a startling noise. In LQTS, QTprescribed in patients with LQTS.
prolongation can lead to polymorphicWhen LQTS causes uncontrolled
ventricular tachycardia, or torsade deventricular fibrillation, you might need
pointes, which itself may lead toan implantable cardioverter
ventricular fibrillation and suddendefibrillator (ICD). An ICD is a device
cardiac death. Individuals with LQTSthat sends an electric shock to your
have a prolongation of the QT intervalheart to restore a normal heartbeat.
on the ECG. The Q wave on the ECGFor many people with LQTS, the
corresponds to ventricularimplantable defibrillator is the best
depolarization while the T wavetreatment.



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