| Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can be treated in | | | | far enough so that some OSA sufferers are able to |
| numerous ways. What needs to be looked at is the | | | | gain improved breathing. |
| patient's medical history, the disorder's severity, and | | | | When such methods fail to make enough of a |
| crucially, the exact cause of the airway blockage. | | | | beneficial impression GP's will often suggest the use of |
| Kids that have OSA do so typically due to chronically | | | | continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). |
| enlarged adenoids and tonsils. Tonsillectomies and | | | | CPAP comes in the form of a mask attached to the |
| adenoidectomies are successful at diminishing OSA | | | | face which has a tube running from an air pump to the |
| substantially. The difficulty level associated with | | | | sufferer's mouth and/ or nose, forcing controlled bursts |
| operations to reduce OSA in children can be very high, | | | | of air through the obstructed air passageways and |
| as for example with cases of reduced growth of the | | | | into the lungs. CPAP uses a constant air pressure |
| body alongside poor development of the right side of | | | | found by performing an overnight test or 'titration' on |
| the heart. Fortunately, when OSA-associated high | | | | the sufferer. Recent models of CPAP contraptions |
| exhalation pressures are lowered complications to the | | | | are able to reduce the exhalation pressure for |
| cardiovascular system tend to reverse of their own | | | | improved performance and patient comfort. |
| accord. Careful precautionary practices are adhered | | | | Variable positive airway pressure (VPAP), known also |
| to during the important postoperative period in children. | | | | as bilevel or BiPAP, monitors the patients breathing |
| OSA treatment in adults who have poor | | | | with an electronic circuit. Two different pressures are |
| oropharyngeal airways in combination with a large | | | | adopted here, inhalation has a higher pressure than |
| upper body frame are open to a variety of | | | | exhalation. This system is more expensive than CPAP |
| treatments. Unfortunately, this most common form of | | | | and is often used on people that have other |
| OSA tends not to have particular treatment methods | | | | respiratory problems or who find sleeping with higher |
| that habitually work, each case needs specific | | | | exhaling pressures from CPAP difficult. |
| evaluation over the best course of action. | | | | Automatic positive airway pressure (APAP) uses |
| Such methods for relieving obstructions consist of | | | | sensors that measure air pressure in conjunction with |
| changes to the sufferer's lifestyle, e.g. reducing | | | | a computer that monitors the patient's performance |
| alcoholic intake, avoiding medications that may relax | | | | with breathing. Pressures exerted by the air pump are |
| the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g. sedatives, | | | | constantly adjusted, i.e. heightened when the user is |
| muscle relaxants), stopping smoking and reducing | | | | finding breathing difficult, lowered when pressures are |
| weight. Specially designed devices, such as pillows, that | | | | considered higher than necessary. |
| stop the sufferer from sleeping on their back can be | | | | Various surgical ways of widening airways, or |
| effective in reducing OSA. | | | | removing or tightening tissues in that area are used, the |
| Oral appliances are sometimes used, these keep the | | | | success rate tends to be low with these practices. In |
| patients airways open whilst they are asleep. | | | | some cases patients adopt a combination of such |
| Mandibular advancement splints (MAS) are sometimes | | | | therapies to reduce their OSA. Surgery is typically a |
| advised to lessen mild to moderate OSA. MAS | | | | last resort, used when none of the above, as well as |
| consists of a mouth guard, similar to that used with | | | | other more experimental OSA reduction methods (e.g. |
| impact sports to protect the teeth, which holds the | | | | pharmaceuticals like methylxanthine theophylline and |
| lower jaw a little more down and forward from its | | | | modafinil, and neurostimulation e.g. pacemaker |
| usual relaxed position. When in use the users tongue is | | | | stimulation), have been deemed effective. |
| moved farther from the back of the airways, possibly | | | | |